Yes! Liberland is open for settlement. Settling a new country is hard work, so we do our best to support people like you who visit our territory, come to make a difference, and build with us the freest country in the world.

Do you want to become one of our dedicated settlers? You have arrived at the right place: read this FAQ, then leave a message at border@liberland.org. We will reply within 24 hours.

To join us, you need to be in good physical and mental health, capable of thriving in a camping-like environment. This job can be high-stress, so it’s important that applicants do not have untreated or treated mental health issues.

Additionally, we cannot accept anyone with a criminal record at this time. We want to ensure that Liberland is seen as a good and orderly place.

People who struggle with alcohol or other drugs are also not welcome. It is strictly forbidden to work for Liberland while under the influence of any psychoactive substances.

You also need to have health insurance that is valid in Croatia. It’s also a good idea to have insurance for your equipment.

For more information about eligibility, please contact us at border@liberland.org.

Join Signal groups

Join the private Signal groups to connect with current settlers and settlement coordinators.

Read important documents

Before you begin, read the documents for new settlers. You can find them here.

Follow the instructions in these documents, then sign and return them. Make sure to inform your settlement coordinator once this is done.

Prepare for arrival

Once you know your arrival date, get to know the other settlers. Find out who they are and get their Signal numbers.

Make plans with them on how to reach the Liberland ARK Village (your recommended first stop), how to get to our facilities in Croatia and, finally, how to get to Liberland.

Understand entry requirements

What happens next depends on your passport. It’s important to note that residency status (even permanent residency) does not matter; only your passport does.

If you hold an EU passport, the process is different than for third-country nationals.

Come and settle in Liberland! You don’t need to register in Croatia for short stays (under 90 days). Entering on foot or by bike should be fine.

Before you arrive:

1. Announce your visit to the settlers.
2. Get their phone numbers and make backup plans in case of any issues.

It’s a good idea to have some experienced settlers with you for your first entry, if possible. Always travel to and from Liberland in pairs (at least) for safety.

Registration Process

You need to obtain documentation confirming the accommodation for your stay in Croatia, such as a hotel reservation. Whether or not you will use this accommodation, it will be registered with the Croatian authorities. Upon arrival at the Croatian–Liberland border, you can expect the Croatian border police to escort you to the Duboševica Police Station near the Udvar border.

90-day Ban

Consequently, you will receive a 90-day ban from Croatia, which will take effect in seven days. This period will allow you to spend a week in Liberland, and the process will typically take about three hours.

This ban involves being placed on a Schengen Area alert list, which might lead to many issues such as problems returning to the Schengen Area within the 90 days or even afterwards or problems getting residency or citizenship in Schengen countries. Please carefully consider the consequences before proceeding.

Before entering Liberland, please contact other settlers, obtain their phone numbers, inform them of your plans, and arrange for assistance in case of delays or deportation.

Leaving Liberland

At the end of your stay, leave Croatia through Hungary, Bosnia, Slovenia, or Serbia to maximize your seven days in Liberland and secure your citizenship.

We officially opened the border crossing with our neighbour, Croatia, in August 2023. This allowed us to explore the area and plan the next steps of the construction.

There are many architectural plans and visions with various investors backing them. This year will be ground-breaking if we manage to have enough settlers on the land.

The ongoing settlement is a unique opportunity to leverage the situation and earn Liberland citizenship. The only thing you need to do is arrive in Liberland and help your future country. The steps to do so are as follows:

1. You need to have a valid Schengen Area entry/visa. If you are not a Schengen Area-country citizen, you won’t be able to spend more than 7 days in a row, so you can divide your stay into 3 periods. (There are also ad hoc tasks outside of the land that you may carry out.)
2. Become an E-Resident and successfully finish your KYC.
3. Make sure you can spend 25 days in total on the land. Pauses are allowed, but the 25 days have to be finished before the end of Q3 2024.
4. Register your visit before arrival at border.liberland.org, where you will pay a €5 fee.
5. You will receive a contact from our coordinators on the ground with whom you can coordinate any details regarding your stay.

You will be naturalized as a citizen and receive merits (LLM) proportionate to the labour you have provided. The exact numbers depend on your skillsets and effort, and will be negotiated individually.

Settlers should bring their outdoor gear and food. They should be physically fit enough to navigate a rugged, natural environment and need to be good team players, as they will be working closely with other Liberlanders to help build this new country. They should also be mentally fit, as settling in Liberland can be (at times) stressful and is a group activity, requiring the mindset of team players. It’s also helpful to have sufficient lighting, battery chargers, and appropriate clothing.

Generally, it is better to bring in as much stuff as possible with you.

You can accommodate yourself in the field environment of Liberland in a bivouac or a tent. Another option is staying in Zmajevac or Batina and then hiking or biking to Liberland.

Time permitting, you can go through one of our 2-day camps in Ark Liberland Village, Serbia. It is a 50-minute ride away from Liberland, and you will be able to learn everything you need to get by in Liberland.

People can visit Liberland! It is located on the western shore of the Danube River between Serbia and Croatia. The closest international airports are Belgrade, Serbia; Budapest, Hungary; and Osijek, Croatia. There are very economical, regular flights from London’s Stansted Airport to Osijek and from Rome, Italy to Belgrade.

Currently, the only verified way to enter is through Croatia, although we are exploring other options (e.g., across the river from Serbia). Therefore, you need to be able to legally enter the Schengen Area using your passport. The recommended path is to go through the town of Zmajevac, Croatia, and then enter Liberland on foot or by bicycle through our border crossing.

From Batina or Zmajevac, you can park and rent a bike if you don’t have one. Bike or hike to the access road which leads to the Liberland border. The bicycle (or hiking) journey is roughly 6 kilometres from Zmajevac to the Liberland border.

All visitors to Liberland are asked to register before arrival at border.liberland.org. En route, you will likely encounter one or two Croatian border police checks while crossing the border to Liberland. Be prepared to show your identity documents.

You can also stay on board the Yacht House, a luxury vessel moored in the waters around Liberland that you can rent for a day, a week, or longer. Be sure to visit Ark Liberland Village near Apatin, Serbia, where the annual Floating Man festival takes place.

Yes, Liberland has a government, a population, a defined territory, and diplomatic relations with other states. These are the criteria laid out by the Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States. The declarative theory of statehood – that a country can be considered a state if it meets these criteria – is accepted as part of customary international law. This is because rejecting it would mean that only great powers could dictate who can form a state, which goes against the letter and spirit of the UN Charter and contrary to the direction which the international community has been taking in the last seventy years. Indeed, Liberland has friendly relations with several other countries. Academic journals like the Michigan Journal for International Law and the Chicago Journal of International Law have published studies analysing and supporting Liberland’s claim to statehood.

Liberland has friendly relations with several countries that are UN member states as well as ones that are not, including Argentina, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Haiti, Serbia and Somaliland. While our relations with these countries and others is not equivalent to full diplomatic recognition, we aspire to establish our place in the community of nations as a legitimate sovereign state.

Although not formally recognized by Serbia, Liberland maintains friendly relations with it on several levels, particularly on the local, regional, and even national level. In fact, Ark Liberland Village is located very close to Apatin, Serbia and Liberland maintains a representative office in the capital, Belgrade. The people of Liberland greatly appreciate the warmth, culture and cuisine of the Serbian people.

For several years, Croatia prevented people from visiting the territory. In August 2023, they started to allow people to cross the Croatian border into Liberland after passing Croatian border police checks. While there is no mutual formal recognition, Croatian authorities have referred to Liberland as a “parastate”, which is defined as an “institution or body which takes on some of the roles of civil government”. Liberland seeks to improve its relations with Croatia and demonstrate how recognizing Liberland and having a formal relationship can lead to a win-win situation for all parties. Liberland can bring technology, tourism, and jobs to both Croatia and Serbia.

Based on the Montevideo Convention of 1933, a state should have a permanent population, a defined territory, a government, and the ability to enter into relations with other states. Liberland fulfils these criteria, and we are vigorously working towards gaining more international recognition. We’ve been featured in academic journals like the Michigan Journal for International Law and the Chicago Journal of International Law, both recognizing our efforts to establish ourselves as a legitimate nation.

Liberland was born out of a territorial dispute between Croatia and Serbia that left Gornja Siga as a no man’s land (terra nullius). Following the dissolution of Yugoslavia in 1991, this area remained unclaimed and uninhabited. On 13 April 2015, Vít Jedlička and Jana Markovicova proclaimed Gornja Siga as a new sovereign state, Liberland, ensuring its boundaries don’t infringe upon neighbouring countries.

Liberland is a sovereign republic situated amidst the untouched beauty of the northern Balkans in a region called Gornja Siga. Drawing inspiration from Swiss democracy, Liberland merges the best features of direct democracy with blockchain governance, making it a pioneering model for the 21st century. Our ethos is inspired by classical liberalism to be the world’s freest nation. Our motto encapsulates our vision: “To live and let live.” We aim to give our citizens a real stake in the country and to form a unified community that supports its long-term interests – a nation where citizens are the ultimate decision-makers and where such power cannot be taken away from them.

Our provisional government is committed to maintaining the utmost transparency and responsibility. While we aim to eliminate taxes and reduce burdensome administration, we’re conscious of the risks posed by offshore jurisdictions. Our laws and financial records are open to public scrutiny, and we’re working towards placing all governmental processes on a public blockchain, the Liberland Blockchain, for maximum transparency.

With a total area of 7.2 square kilometres, Liberland is larger than Monaco (2.1 km²) and Vatican City (0.5 km²). There are plenty of outdoor activities you can enjoy in Liberland, including hiking, biking, birdwatching, and much more. With the density of Macau, it can fit around 156,000 inhabitants.

You can apply for citizenship on this website. You are welcome to become a citizen directly or first acquire E-Residency. E-Residency allows you to open a business in Liberland and access other services, but you will not gain automatic physical residence, voting rights, or the passport of Liberland. The difference is also in your level of commitment: to obtain Liberland citizenship, you must acquire 5000 Liberland merits (LLM) through donation, work, or service for Liberland. E-Residency is simply purchased for LLM 75 or US$150.

A second option to become a Liberland citizen is citizenship by settlement. After acquiring your Liberland E-Residency, you can come and stay in Liberland for seven days to be eligible to receive Liberland citizenship.

Liberland has approximately 1000 citizens, more than 4000 E-Residents, and over 700,000 applicants for citizenship. A core group of settlers currently occupy the territory itself since August 2023, and many more visit regularly. Liberland also operates Ark Liberland Village in nearby Apatin, Serbia. Many Liberlanders own houses in the area around Liberland in both Croatia and Serbia.

Liberland was born out of a territorial dispute between Croatia and Serbia that left Gornja Siga as a no man’s land (terra nullius). Following the dissolution of Yugoslavia in 1991, this area remained unclaimed, uninhabited, and essentially abandoned for over two decades. On 13 April 2015, Vít Jedlička, Jana Markovicova, and the first Liberlanders proclaimed Gornja Siga as a new sovereign state.

You can help us by becoming an E-Resident or citizen, offering your services or voluntary contributions, or paying the voluntary tax associated with citizenship. All funds will be used to develop our state project. For more ways to support Liberland, please visit our Contribution page. You can also volunteer to help us in several areas, whether they are diplomatic, technical, marketing, or construction!

A blockchain is an advanced database mechanism that allows transparent information sharing within a network. A blockchain database stores data in blocks that are linked together in an interconnected, chain-like structure where the data is immutable.

Liberland is the first nation to structure its entire governance and legislation to be managed on its own blockchain. It enables its citizens and E-Residents to start businesses under Liberland law and under the jurisdiction of Liberland courts—complete with insurance, enforcement of smart and traditional contracts, and the ability to participate in direct democracy from anywhere in the world with an internet connection.

The Liberland Blockchain uses a nominated proof-of-stake (NPoS) consensus mechanism. Anyone may participate as a nominator, while only citizens can run validators, providing a layer of security against malicious actors. The proof-of-stake model is far more environmentally friendly to operate than the proof-of-work model.

The Liberland Blockchain has an operational token, the Liberland dollar (LLD). LLD are required to pay gas fees, run contracts, operate companies, and engage with courts. On this nominated proof-of-stake (NPoS) chain, validators rent or host space on a server and validate transactions on the chain. By staking their LLD, they earn rewards. LLD can be traded on certain centralized cryptocurrency exchanges as well as decentralized ones.

The nation’s governance token is known as the Liberland merit (LLM). 5000 staked merits and passing a KYC-based E-Residency process allows one to claim citizenship and participate in the political process of Liberland. You can earn merits based on your contributions to Liberland, whether they be financial or work-related.

Citizens can directly participate in the democratic process by voting on referenda and proposals using their merits (LLM). All new legislation must be confirmed by a citizen referendum. The blockchain ensures the voting process is secure, tamper-proof, and easily auditable by all participants. As a nation built on libertarian principles, for any one way to pass legislation (token voting), there are two ways to repeal it (either by the Senate or a headcount veto); as a result, the legal code tends to not get bloated.

Political power of the citizens of Liberland is proportional to the amount of tax they pay. The process of paying tax by staking LLM is called “political pooling”—or PolitiPooling—and is required for citizenship and to cast votes. Citizens who unpool their LLM are able to unstake 10% per year (on a per-month basis), and can no longer vote if they have fewer than LLM 5000 staked (PolitiPooled) left over.

Liberland E-Residency allows you to be a part of the Liberland community without the financial and time commitment of citizenship. It provides you with:

• The ability to set up and conduct business under the jurisdiction of Liberland’s free and fair economic climate
• Register assets in Liberland; e.g., land, vehicles, and other valuable assets
• An opportunity to use and advertise on the Liberland Market, a marketplace that reflects our commitment to free enterprise
• A Liberland government ID card
• Conduct business on the Liberland Blockchain

E-Residency with a Standard card currently costs USD 150. This price also nets you LLM 25 credited to your account.

E-Residency with a Gold card currently costs USD 1000. This price nets you additional LLM credited to your account together with a unique design of the card.

Other options that include the full citizenship begin at USD 10 100.

The E-Residency application asks you for information like:

• Legal given name and surname
• Residential address
• Your history and your opinions of personal rights
• What you intend to use your E-Residency status for
• Identity verification

• Voluntary taxes on income earned through your business
• The ability to register and operate companies under Liberland jurisdiction and laws
• Access to companies that accept Liberland IDs, including Bitwage

Typically, E-Residency applications are reviewed within 1 business day. During busy times, it can take up to 4 business days to review and approve or reject an application.

It typically takes four weeks for you to receive your E-Residency card after approval. This time is taken to produce the card, package it with your welcome letter and activation steps, and mail it to you.

There are several reasons why an application could be denied or delayed, including but not limited to:

• Images uploaded of an existing ID card/passport are of poor quality
• Your passport-style photo for the E-Residency card is of poor quality
• The information provided is inaccurate or missing

In such a case, you will be informed via email; please check your spam folder as well.

Please note that there are two steps you need to complete:

1. Perform your ID verification through your Dashboard, where you must upload a picture of the personal page of your passport and a selfie.
2. Once completed, submit a passport-style photo, ensuring it satisfies all the criteria listed on the page.

E-Residency cards/statuses are valid for 10 years.

Visit the Application page to create an account and begin the application. The process should take 10–20 minutes.

We accept credit/debit cards, PayPal, Bitcoin (BTC), Bitcoin Cash (BCH), and bank transfers.

Everything has a cost. You are helping cover the cost of identity verification, production of your card, and shipping it. Merits you have in your Dashboard are staked by default and so cannot be used to submit a payment.

Yes, we send E-Residency cards to any country that permits it. Cards are shipped via DHL/UPS to your mailing address on file, with shipping times ranging from 1 to 7 days depending on your location.

We will ask you to verify your passport and provide a selfie so that we can ensure that no one is misusing your identity and that they are not included in any international list of sanctioned individuals. We aim to provide a high level of security to our E-Residents and citizens so they can have trust and confidence in Liberland’s government.

The E-Residency and citizenship applications share the same form, as E-Residency is a prerequisite for citizenship. In the initial step, you have the option to directly opt for either the single-person citizenship (E-Residency + Citizenship package) or the family package.

If you’ve already paid for your E-Residency and wish to upgrade to citizenship, simply visit the Contribution page, and acquire 5,000 merits (LLM) through a contribution.

In the past, it was possible to become a citizen without first acquiring E-Residency. However, in such cases, if you’d like to access government e-services or apply for your passport, you need to obtain E-Residency, even as a citizen. This is necessary to pass the ID verification process and receive your citizenship documents, including the passport.

No. The websites share the same data, so any application you have created or data you have provided before will all be available on this website as well. This will continue to be true for any new websites deployed, unless we inform you otherwise.

Furthermore, E-Residents and citizens are now able to claim their identity on-chain along with any LLM in their profile.

Are you a citizen? The time to act and change Liberland’s future is now!

Not a citizen yet? You are missing out on being able to influence the politics of your country, the freest nation of the world.

Join us today on the Liberland Blockchain. Set up your blockchain identity if you have not yet and cast your first vote!

Liberland is on the brink of a historic moment with the forthcoming adoption of its Constitution, currently available in a draft state. This Constitution will establish Liberland as a meritocratic republic, where citizens hold the political power. If you're a citizen, your participation is not only welcomed but also crucial to the nation's governance.

Currently, Liberland works based on the Articles of the Provisional Government with power being in the hands of the Provisional Government, structured like the Cabinet, but headed by the President as both the Head of State and the Head of Government (like in France). This will radically change soon, and here, you can get a sneak peek at how this will work.

In Liberland, citizens who demonstrate their commitment to the nation wield political power. This proof of commitment involves “PolitiPooling” at least 5000 Liberland merits (LLM). This requirement ensures that voters have a vested interest in the country's well-being and future.

Liberland's political system is a balanced interplay between the three classical Montesquieuian powers—judiciary, legislative, and executive—and the senate, the republic's guardian. The Senate is integral to Liberland but operates independently from the Government.

The judiciary is pivotal in safeguarding your rights and ensuring justice. As a citizen, you can engage with the judiciary via the Liberland Blockchain in the following ways:

• Contract: Establish a contract with a counterparty.
• Dispute: If a dispute arises, click on “Dispute” on the Blockchain.

We will also establish a judiciary that deals with delicts—misdeeds of Liberlanders.

The judiciary makes decisions based on the Constitution and Law of Liberland, which includes standing public international law.

Legislative power works on an interplay between direct political power of the citizens and representation. This representation is strictly voluntary. This means that whatever organs of representation exist (namely Congress) will only facilitate and streamline the democratic process, but the final say rests on the citizens through the referendum.

Laws in Liberland are adopted exclusively through referenda. There are two types of referenda: the meritocratic referendum and the democratic public veto.

A meritocratic referendum is used to adopt, reject, or modify any law, regulation, or government decision.

Voting Process

1. Citizen Onboarding: Ensure you are an onboarded citizen.
2. Access Voting Platform: Visit the Liberland Blockchain.
3. Navigate to Voting: Go to the Voting/Referenda section.
4. Select Referendum: Choose the referendum you wish to vote on.
5. Cast Vote
6. Ignore Voting Weight Prompt: The system will prompt about voting weight, which can be ignored.
7. Vote Update: If you change your mind, you can update your vote for the cost of a transaction (a few cents).

Duration

Each referendum lasts for 7 days. After voting concludes, there is an additional 7-day period to prepare for enactment.

Vote Counting

Votes are tallied based on politically pooled LLM, not headcount. The tally method depends on whether the referendum was proposed by a citizen or by Congress:

• Citizen referenda require a variable threshold for acceptance depending on how many LLM have been cast. Where all would be cast, the threshold would be 50 per cent plus one LLM.
• Congress referenda all require exactly 50 per cent plus one LLM cast to be adopted.

Unpooling LLM takes time, indicating a commitment to Liberland.

Proposing a meritocratic referendum

Any citizen can propose a referendum. Higher acceptance thresholds prevent ad hoc populist measures. For a smoother process, ask a member of Congress to propose on your behalf.

A democratic veto removes legislative measures or officials from office, showcasing a “headcount” democracy with free and equal elections:

• Public Veto: Removes any legislative measure (laws, regulations, etc.) enacted by the Government.
• Dismissal: Removes any official or agent (employee) from office.

Voting Process

1. Access Voting Platform: Visit the Liberland Blockchain.
2. Navigate to Legislation: Choose a type (e.g., Law, International Treaty) from the top menu.
3. Show Section: Find the section you wish to veto.
4. Cast Veto: Click “Cast Veto”.

Vote Counting

The referendum remains active indefinitely. The aye (repeal, dismiss) side wins only when 50 per cent plus one voter (not LLM) votes for it. Until the threshold is reached, the referendum remains in force.

In Liberland, representative democracy finds its centre in the Congress. This vital organ of voluntary representation plays a crucial role in shaping the legislative landscape and ensuring that the voices of citizens are heard and respected. Here’s an in-depth look at the powers and functions of Congress, and how you can actively participate in this dynamic political system.

Congress elections take place every three months. The point is to keep Congress up to date with popular preferences. Elections take place on the blockchain. Where one does not vote but has voted before, their past vote carries through to the next election.

To learn more about the individuals running for Congress, visit our official YouTube Channel. There, you can watch promotional videos of some of our most prominent candidates. While these clips are published by the official channel, it’s important to note that there is no official endorsement of any candidates—the decision is left to the popular vote.

Legislative Proposals

Congress is empowered to make legislative proposals, providing a streamlined path for these proposals through the referendum process. Proposals from Congress have a higher chance of passing, requiring just 50 per cent plus one vote (LLM) cast aye.

Special Legislative Proposals

Certain legislative actions, such as Constitutional Amendments and specific International Treaty Ratifications, must originate from Congress. Individual citizens cannot propose these changes, highlighting the unique responsibilities and powers vested in Congress.

Delegation of Referendum Votes

Citizens who prefer not to vote on every issue or who trust their member of Congress can voluntarily delegate their referendum votes to their chosen representative. This delegation underscores the trust and responsibility placed in Congress members.

Budget Management

Congress handles the critical task of dealing with budgets, ensuring that financial resources are allocated efficiently and effectively to support the nation’s needs and goals.

Executive Appointments

Congress appoints the Cabinet, the supreme executive organ of Liberland. Until the Cabinet is appointed, Congress uses its decision-making powers to fulfil executive functions.

Participating in the voting process is straightforward and essential for maintaining a vibrant democracy. Here’s how you can cast your vote:

1. Onboard: Ensure you are onboarded as a citizen.
2. Access the Voting Platform: Visit the Liberland Blockchain.
3. Navigate to Voting: Select “Voting” from the menu on the left.
4. Choose Your Candidates: Rank your candidates by preference (e.g., number 1, number 2, etc.).
5. Update Your Vote: Click on “Update Vote” and sign the transaction with your wallet.

With Liberland's tiered voting system, your vote remains influential even if your top choice doesn’t win. Your vote will automatically transfer to your next choice, ensuring that your preferences are always considered.

This is how it works in detail (using the Phragmén algorithm):

1. Voting Process: Voters mark the candidates they approve of on their ballots.
2. Initial Setup: Each ballot starts with zero votes; this, we call “load”. Thus, the initial load is zero.
3. Determining the Winner:
   1. For each candidate, calculate the average (mean) load of the ballots that support them.
   2. The candidate with the lowest average load among their supporters wins the next available seat.
4. Updating Ballot Loads:
   1. Calculate the number of ballots (n) that approved the winning candidate.
   2. Add 1/n to the load of each of these ballots.
   3. Ensure that the loads of all ballots supporting the winning candidate are equal by averaging them out.
5. Repeat or End:
   1. If there are more seats to fill, repeat from step 3.
   2. If all seats are filled, the selection process ends.

Interested in taking a more active role in Liberland’s democracy? Becoming a candidate is simple:

1. Visit the Platform: Go to the Liberland Blockchain.
2. Select Congress: Choose the “Congress” section.
3. Apply: Click the button to apply and sign the transaction.

In Liberland, the Cabinet plays a pivotal role in the governance of the nation, providing stable and consistent executive leadership. While Congress reflects popular preferences and adapts to changing public sentiments, the Cabinet is designed to ensure coherent and steadfast executive authority.

The Structure of the Cabinet

The Prime Minister

At the helm of the Cabinet is the Prime Minister, the head of government. This role effectively replaces the President's position in the current Liberland provisional government system. As the primary executive authority, the Prime Minister oversees the entire Cabinet's functioning and ensures the smooth execution of governmental policies.

The Ministers

Supporting the Prime Minister are four key ministers, each responsible for a specific domain:

• Minister of Finance
• Minister of Interior
• Minister of Foreign Affairs
• Minister of Justice

These ministries form the core executive branches of Liberland, essential for the nation's administration and governance. According to the current Constitution, these are the only ministries unless future constitutional amendments dictate otherwise.

Centralized Executive Power

All executive power in Liberland is centralized within the Cabinet, which holds the final say in all executive matters. This centralization ensures that decisions are consistent and align with the nation's overall governance strategy.

Agencies and Their Governance

Apart from the ministries, various executive organs known as agencies must be established by law, ensuring Congress maintains oversight over the executive branch. Each agency falls under the jurisdiction of one of the four ministries, with the head of each agency directly subordinate to the respective minister.

Regulatory Authority

Internal Regulations

The Cabinet and its agencies manage executive matters through regulations. Internal regulations apply only within the agencies, streamlining operations and maintaining order within the executive branches.

Public Regulations

The executive can also issue regulations affecting all citizens and residents of Liberland. However, this authority is bound by the principle that only the Law can establish rights and obligations for those outside the service of an agency. Therefore, any regulations affecting the general public must be within the scope of an existing law, explaining or implementing a specific article of that law. These regulations can never exceed the law's scope, ensuring executive power remains checked and balanced.

There are two types of public regulations:

• Edicts: Issued by a single Ministry and valid only within that Ministry's purview.
• Decrees: Issued by the Cabinet and applicable within the scope of at least two Ministries.

Edicts and decrees hold similar legal weight, and neither is superior to the other. In more complex matters, the executive can create edicts or decrees based on other decrees or edicts, which are in turn based on laws.

An Overview

In the unique political landscape of Liberland, the Senate stands out as a distinct and powerful entity. Unlike conventional governmental bodies, the Senate is not a part of the government but functions as an independent watchdog, serving as the supreme organ of oversight within the state of Liberland.

Composition and Role

The Senate is composed of shareholders of the sovereign fund of Liberland. These are typically individuals who have significantly contributed to the nation during its formative years, often investing their personal fortunes to support Liberland's development. This substantial commitment grants them extraordinary powers, akin to elements of corporate governance that balance the prevalent meritocratic, Swiss-like republicanism of Liberland.

Powers and Functions

Although the Senate does not possess legislative powers, its authority to veto legislative bills is a crucial check on the government. Additionally, the Senate can nullify any decree, edict, or decision made by the Congress, including sub-legal regulations. This power ensures that the Senate can prevent or reverse decisions that may not align with the broader interests of Liberland.

Financial Oversight

One of the Senate's key responsibilities is overseeing the budget and financial transactions of the state. This oversight is conducted through the Liberland Blockchain, ensuring transparency and accountability in all financial matters. By maintaining strict control over the state’s finances, the Senate plays a vital role in safeguarding the economic stability of Liberland.

Electing the President

The Senate also holds the important task of electing the President of Liberland. The President, as the head of state, represents Liberland on the international stage and is the primary international representative. The President also bestows distinctions, such as the Order of Merit, recognizing individuals who have made significant contributions to the nation.

Emergency Powers

In times of emergency, the President can assume extraordinary powers, acting as if they were the owner of the country, provided the government agrees through a special referendum. Furthermore, should the nation face danger, the President will lead the Territorial Defence Force, ensuring the safety and security of Liberland.